Tóm lại: 99 là tiêu chuẩn hóa, có từ khoá mới, công cụ mảng mới, số phức, các chức năng thư viện và như vậy. Các trình biên dịch khác là c89 hoàn chỉnh vì chúng đã có tất cả thời gian này để tạo ra chúng.
A) ANSI X3.159-1989. This is the original 1989 C standard, dated December 1989, with Rationale. The main body of the language is described in section 3, and the "C library" -- stdio, functions, and so on -- in section 4.
B) ISO 9899:1990. This is the original ISO C standard. "ANSI" is the American National Standards Institute, so the international crowd have to have their own standards with their own, different, numbering system. They simply adopted ANSI's 1989 standard, removed the Rationale, and renumbered the sections (calling them "clauses" instead). With very few exceptions you can just add three, so that most of the language is described in section -- er, "clause" -- 6, and the "C library" part in section 7.
C) ISO 9899:1999. This is the newfangled "C99" standard, with its Variable Length Arrays, Flexible Array Members, new keywords like "restrict" and "_Bool", new semantics for the "static" keyword, new syntax to create anonymous aggregates, new complex-number types, hundreds of new library functions, and so on.
The new ISO standard was immediately "back-adopted" by ANSI. I have not seen any official "ANSI-sanctioned" claim about this, but given the usual numbering systems, I would expect this to be ANSI Standard number X3.159-1999. (The numbering system is pretty obvious: a standard, once it comes out, gets a number -- X. for ANSI, or just a number for ISO -- and a suffix indicating year of publication. An update to an existing standard reuses the number, with the new year.)
Although X3.159-1989 and 9899:1990 have different years and section numbering, they are effectively identical, so "C89" and "C90" really refer to the same language. Hence you can say either "C89" or "C90" and mean the same thing, even to those aware of all the subtleties.
There were also several small revisions to the original 1990 ISO standard: "Normative Addendum 1", and two "Technical Corrigenda" (numbered; giving Technical Corrigendum 1 and TC2). The two TCs are considered to be "bug fixes" for glitches in the wording of the standard, while NA1 is an actual "change". In practice, the TCs do not really affect users, while NA1 adds a whole slew of functions that people can use, so NA1 really is more significant. NA1 came out in 1994, so one might refer to "ISO 9899:1990 as modified by NA1" as "C94". I have seen it called "C95", too.
"gcc -std = c89" và "gcc -std = c99" không tuân thủ đầy đủ các tiêu chuẩn tương ứng. Thêm "-pedantic" hoặc "-pedantic-errors" để có được một cái gì đó gần đầy đủ sự phù hợp. –